Global Warming The cause of human activity Essay

Global Warming The cause of human activity - Essay Example And he was right. This effect is reached due to some atmospheric gases of secondary importance for example, water evaporations and carbonic gas. They leak visible and "near" infrared light, emitted by the sun, but absorb the "far" infrared radiation with lower frequency formed at heating of the earth surface by solar beams. If it did not occur, the Earth would be approximately 30 degrees colder, than now, and life on it would practically stop. ("Global Warming") Recognizing that a "natural" hothouse effect is the settled, balanced process, it is quite logical to assume, that the increase of concentration of "hothouse" gases in an atmosphere should result in strengthening of a hothouse effect which in turn will result in global warming of a climate. Amount of 2 in atmosphere steadily grows for more than century because various kinds of fossil fuel (coal and petroleum) began to be applied widely as a source of energy. Besides as a result of human activity other hothouse gases, for example methane, nitrous oxide, and a lot of chlorine-containing substances also get in an atmosphere. In spite of the fact that they are made in smaller volumes, some of these gases are more dangerous than carbonic gas from the point of view of global warming. ("Global Warming") Now many scientists believe that additional proofs of man's fault in global warming... ("Global Warming") Now many scientists believe that additional proofs of man's fault in global warming will be found out, moreover, human activity is the dominant factor in this process. Nevertheless global warming are caused also by not dependent on people reasons. For example, amplification of solar radiation and sulphatic sparks or aerosols ejected at volcanic eruptions. These emissions on the one hand may create a hothouse effect, and on the other hand they may cool an atmosphere as they reflect sunlight. Influence of human activity is connected, first of all, with the emission of the used industrial gases such as carbonic, holding warm in an atmosphere and the same sulphatic aerosols of industrial, not natural origin. The complex of industrial aerosols and hothouse gases also creates new climatic model. This popular idea in the scientific environment resulted in that scientists now are inclined to evaluate the influence of the person on the climate more critically. Earlier, the warming of a climat e in 20-th century was considered to be mostly caused by the natural reasons not by the activisation of human activity. The group of researchers led by Simon Tatt found out that the increase of average temperature in the beginning of 20-th century could be explained by the increase of solar activity, or a combination of this factor with growth of emission of industrial gases in an atmosphere. But, since the middle of 70th years that is after almost 50-years of temperature rising, the industrial gases creating a hothouse effect are more and more considered to be a principal cause of warming. Many other researchers also came to the same conclusion "Researches of Simon Tatt's group have

History of Database Technology and Data Models Essay Example for Free

History of Database Technology and Data Models Essay Imagine that you own bank and along with that, you own your bank’s credibility to your 100,000 clients. Just writing down each client’s information in a piece of paper would not be very secure and practical nowadays. That’s how an electronic database system comes in the picture. In this fast growing world, a technology like a database system is very necessary for establishments that hold a huge amount of data. However, the development of the current database technology and database models underwent an intricate process before it comes to a full bloom. In 1964, the word â€Å"database† technically denoted collections of data shared by end-users of time sharing computer systems and was coined by workers in a military information system. In addition, around 1960s, private companies started to own computers because of their increasing storage capabilities. Two data models were introduced: network (CODASYL) and hierarchical (IMS) model. During that time, database management systems were unsystematic. There no actual theoretical model about data organization. There was more emphasis on the processing of the records rather than the overall structure of the database system. During the 1970s, many astonishing breakthroughs on databases were witnessed. It was about the 1970 that E. F. Codd proposed a relational model for databases. The presented a system that separates the logical organization (schema) of a database from the physical storages and since that, it has been a standard in the field of computing. The term Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) was coined during this period. Theories about databases had finally made its way to the mainstream research projects. Two main prototypes for RDBMS were created: Ingres that was developed at UCB and this system used QUEL as query language and System R that was developed at IBM San Jose and this system used SEQUEL as query language. Meanwhile, in 1976, P. Chen suggested the Entity-Relationship (ER) model for database design which was proved to be vital in conceptual data models. This proposal enabled the designers to focus more on the data usage rather than its logical table structure. Commercialization of database systems for businesses began during the 1980s as demands for computers boomed. In addition, Structured Query Language (SQL) became a standard for database systems during these periods. DB2 became IBM’s flagship and development of IBM PC paved the way for more database companies and products like Dbase III and IV, Database Manager, OS/2 and Watcom SQL. The network and hierarchical models for database also started to disappear in the background. When the 1990s came, only a few surviving companies began to offer complex products at higher prices. Developments on database systems were more focused on client tool applications such as PowerBuilder (Sybase), Oracle Developer and VB (Microsoft). Some personal productivity tools related to database management were also created such as Microsoft Access and Excel. Some prototypes of Object Database Management System (ODBMS) also arose in the 1990s. It was also during the 1990s that the World Wide Web appeared. Large investments were made by Internet-related companies on Web and database connectors. Examples of these connectors are Active Server Pages (ASP), Java Servlets, JDBC, ColdFusion, Dream Weaver and Oracle Developer 2000. A solid growth of database applications was still observed in the early 21st century. Three companies continually dominate the database market: Oracle, IBM and Microsoft. In the near future, it is generally seen that databases management will be more sophisticated since huge systems (systems with storage measured in terabytes) are currently existing today. Most of these systems are used by most projects with science databases (genome projects, space exploration data). However, the â€Å"next great thing† on is the usage of XML with Java and other emerging technologies as a way to store data.

Communication Science vs. Semiotics :: Communication Science

Communication Science vs. Semiotics Marcel Danesi says that "communication theorists generally focus more on the study of message-making as a process, whereas semioticians center their attention more on what a message means and on how it creates meaning" (Messages and Meanings: An Introduction to Semiotics, 1994). He implies that both communication science and semiotics are systematic studies of signs. Interestingly, Danesi comments that semiotics studies signification first and communication second. Danesi's definitions and distinctions about communication science and semiotics captured my interest because of the way he draws the line between to areas of study that are very closely related. In this paper I will try to elaborate on those differences. I have to admit that until now I am not completely convinced about the way to distinguish among semiotics and communication science. However, I believe that it is worth the effort. Reflection about these topics will help me and possibly the reader to understand them better. We are in broad information age. The handling of information is definitely the main commercial activity of our days. We are all consumers of information at different levels. Most of us also have to either manage, process, market, deliver or sell information as a way of living. Information is wrapped in all kinds of packages, or better said it is delivered through all kinds of media. All kinds of messages are delivered to all kinds of audiences. Information is the core element of communication science and probably of semiotics as well. I consider information to be the raw material for message construction and the creation of meaning. Signs are a collection of bits and pieces of information. Information is what we decipher from signs. Notice that decoding has to be performed because some sort of coding is always a part of the "creation" of a sign. Even iconic signs which are "a direct representation of a referent" as defined by Danesi, have to be encoded in order to make them deliverable through any given medium. Let us take for example a flower as a referent. An iconic representation of a flower could be a hand drawing, a painting or a color picture. From the least iconic (the drawing) to the most iconic (the color picture) representation coding of information (i.e. shape, texture, color) is necessary to create a sign. A perfume that smells "like" a flower is also an iconic representation of the real object.

Pump Station Management

The software will control many aspects of the gas refueling process including the enabling of each pump for use, starting the pump’s motor, engaging the clutch on each pump which in turn will dispense the gas, displaying the current amount of gas pumped, recording each transaction and archiving the day’s transactions. The use of this control system will reduce the number of tasks the gas station attendant(s) must perform making the attendants making their job easier and possibly reducing the overhead of running the gas station by reducing the number of attendants needed.The use of this system automates many processes such as measuring the amount of gas dispensed and recording the details of each transaction. This system also increases the quality of the gas being dispensed by not allowing a pump to be enabled if the tank that services the pump is below 20%, because of this the sediment in the bottom of the gas storage tank is never pumped into the customer’s car. 3 Overview This Software Requirements Spacification is organized into two main sections: overall description and specific requirements.The overall description section provides information describing general factors that will effect the requirements of the software. The specific requirements section describes in detail the requirements the software must meet. Overall description 1 Product perspective Gasoline Pump Control System is an independent product that is totally self-contained. Below is a diagram which displays how the interfaces interact with one another.

Ojt reaction paper Essay

A. Objectives: General To obtain knowledge in the real situation of the environment of chosen field and acquire experiences that can be used when we become an engineer. Specific  Students will adjust to working, and they will gain invaluable experience that they can take with them as they move forward with future careers and education. To apply the theories and computations that they have learned from the school. It also helps the students to acquire relevant knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting. To prepare the students in the real life situation of the profession being chosen. B. SCHEDULE/TIMETABLE: C. AREAS OF TRAINING: Training on Estimate Training on Site Inspectioning Training on Punchlisting Training on Supervision of the construction works D. REFERENCE MATERIALS: Simplified Construction Estimate by: Max B. Fajardo Jr. (Third Edition) Planning and Designer’s Handbook by: Max B. Fajardo Jr. (Third Edition) Strength of Materials by: Andrew Pytel and Ferdinand L. Singer (Fourth Edition) VI. PERSONAL EVALUATION OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM 1. Significant Achievements . I have learned many things that supposed to do in site constructing interior layout of the building, like how to do punch listing, inspection of the material to be used in ceiling because there are different acoustic board that is to be used in every part of the room, and doing as-built plan. Those are what I have done in my internship that I consider my achievement in my internship because even though I have encountered difficulties in doing it, I finished the work given to me. 2. Technical skills and new technology learned Since I am in a company that focused on renovation and interior layout I was not able to encounter new technologies rather more on technical skills, just like learning new command in operating auto-cad, doing sketch-up, and as-built plan. And estimating an architectural and structural plan. 3. Equipment, machinery testing apparatus, etc., handled I was not able to handle machinery testing apparatus since I am more on technical works. 4. Experiences with the company personnel Involved in the training My first day as intern is not that easy, mixed with excitement and unexplainable fear, it is my first time to enter the reality of our chosen field. At first, our supervisor oriented me on what to do and exposed to other employees as well. As the days pass by, I learned to adapt new things with this kind of environment. All the staff and engineers are approachable so I can ask them things that I want to know. 5. Strong points Good communication and supervising skills are my strong points. I can handle labourers with different attitudes. 6. Weak points and suggested solutions One of my weak points is that I don’t have the confident of doing things on my own, I always relay to my co-intern because I’m afraid to commit mistakes and be punished. But then as I already adapted to the flow of the work I have learned to do my task on my own. Recommendations: Potential of the company as a training ground During my stay at the company as intern, I can say that it has a potential to be a training ground for an aspiring engineers. There are things that are not taught in school that they taught us, and the thing is that they it is not just based on some book but they actually taught us of what is really happening in an actual situation based on their experience. They gave me task that is related to my course. Suggestions for the improvement of the training program With regards to the training program, I suggest to have a website or e-mail where in we are able to send a day to day or weekly report online. This is for the students to have an easy way of sending and compiling of their day to day activity. In addition, it also help the coordinator to monitor the students under the on the job training programs. Advise to future On-the-Job Trainees As an advice for those who are going to take their On-the-job training, be more attentive to what the trainee is teaching, it might not be necessary for now as a student but as you go along or after you graduated and start to work you can use the knowledge you have obtain during your training.

DESCRIBE, DEMONSTRATE AND ANALYSE HOW LISTENING Essays

DESCRIBE, DEMONSTRATE AND ANALYSE HOW LISTENING Essays DESCRIBE, DEMONSTRATE AND ANALYSE HOW LISTENING Essay DESCRIBE, DEMONSTRATE AND ANALYSE HOW LISTENING Essay DESCRIBE, DEMONSTRATE AND ANALYSE HOW LISTENING SKILLS ARE CENTRAL TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE. Listening accomplishments are of critical importance for effectual communicating in societal work pattern. Without these accomplishments, a societal worker would happen it about impossible to run into the demands of their clients. As with any accomplishment, listening accomplishments need to be honed and improved by societal workers over clip and while larning about listening provides valuable penetrations about the procedures implicit in communicating, it is merely in an synergistic environment that a societal worker is genuinely able to prove and better their hearing accomplishments. It is of import that a clear differentiation is made between the listening accomplishments employed in mundane state of affairss and those employed by a trained societal worker. In order to understand the type of listening accomplishments that societal workers are required to use, it is appropriate to look briefly at listening accomplishments, or deficiency thereof, in the context of mundane communicating. Most people communicate in their mundane lives without of all time taking the clip to see the procedures behind that communicating. Without understanding the implicit in procedures involved, people partaking in mundane communicating can be prone to misinterpretations. [ 1 ] One of the grounds for this is that in mundane communicating, what is said takes precedency over what is heard and those that shout the loudest are frequently the 1s that get what they want. As such, it is no surprise that listening accomplishments are undervalued and when person else is talking, the enticement is for the individual non talking, non to listen, but instead to fix their ain soliloquy. As Van Slyke notes, we listen with the purpose to react, alternatively of listening with the purpose to understand. [ 2 ] In societal work pattern nevertheless, effectual hearing accomplishments are of cardinal importance. When covering with sensitive issues and vulnerable clients, the misinterpretations that normally pass without incident in mundane communicating could hold lay waste toing effects. As such, it is of import that societal workers are trained to understand the procedures which underlie effectual communicating. Merely in this manner can societal workers obtain a broader apprehension of what holding and utilizing effectual hearing accomplishments entails. The term listening skills within a societal work context refers to a much broader construct than most laic people would normally tie in with the term. In contrast to the misinterpretations which he sees every bit common to mundane communicating, Parkes advocates an active engagement attack to listening which he so proceeds to specify as entailing, listening with our ears to what is being said and to the tone of voice, listening with our heads to understand the message contained in the words, listening with our eyes to what is being conveyed through the client’s position, bearing and gestures, and listening with our Black Marias to the human being we are seeking to understand. [ 3 ] While this attack provides an easy debut to the construct of active hearing, it fails to supply a societal worker with much in the manner of counsel or aid in seeking to understand the procedures underlying their communicating with a client or with helping them to review their ain public presentation against a checklist of criterions with a position to bettering those accomplishments. In this manner, Parkes attack is small different to a ballad individual being asked to explicate what active hearing agencies to them. Other than supplying a general overview of a holistic attack to listening accomplishments, it does nil to help a societal worker in a practical manner to hone their hearing accomplishments. A much more practical attack to listening accomplishments is provided by Gambrill. She believes that it is of import that societal workers are able to self-assess their hearing accomplishments. [ 4 ] Without being able to self-assess harmonizing to mensurable standards, it becomes excessively easy to believe that effectual hearing accomplishments are merely a trait that some societal workers possess as opposed to a accomplishment that can be developed and improved over clip. Gambrill suggests three standards that allow a societal worker to judge the quality of their hearing accomplishments ; that ( 1 ) clients portion relevant stuff and take part in researching factors related to ailments ; ( 2 ) clients seem comfy ; [ 5 ] and ( 3 ) through the rating of client Sessionss against a suggested checklist: Checklist for Reviewing Listening Skills: Arrange a distraction-free environment. Avoid breaks and speaking for clients ( eg completing their sentences ) . Avoid deflecting idiosyncrasies. Use facial looks that reflect involvement and concern. Use postures that reflect involvement and concern ( relaxed but attentive, oriented towards others ) . Use appropriate oculus contact. Make sure that verbal and non-verbal behaviors agree. Ask inquiries that reflect attending and concern. Use easing siting agreements. Take appropriate stairss to avoid or take obstructions to communicating. Time your paraphrasiss and contemplations good, and pass on an apprehension of what has been said. Use an effectual assortment of responses. Use minimum encourages efficaciously. Indexs of success: Clients offer more relevant stuff. Clients explore new positions of concern and related events. [ 6 ] By supplying the above checklist, Gambrill provides a clear method for societal workers to measure their hearing accomplishments. However, while much of the success of a societal worker’s efforts at effectual communicating will be down to their ain hearing accomplishments, it is of import to retrieve that listening accomplishments are non the lone factor. As noted in the above checklist, environmental factors besides play a big portion. It is hence of import that societal workers plan meetings with their clients in progress to guarantee that external and internal distractions are kept to a lower limit. Practical illustrations of this may be, for case in relation to external distractions, to guarantee that meetings take topographic point in the forenoon as opposed to lunchtime when the noise from work co-workers is more likely to be louder and more distracting ; and in relation to internal distractions, to guarantee that other viing precedences have been addressed prior to the meeting. While these external and internal distractions can neer be to the full avoided, a small forward planning can intend that they are minimised. In general footings, retrieving a checklist of points is non practical for a societal worker prosecuting with a client and can really be a cause of internal distraction if focused on excessively to a great extent. Gambrill does nevertheless propose a simple method for finding whether or non person is utilizing effectual hearing accomplishments. She suggests that the hearer, †¦identify prejudices about clients that may acquire in the manner of effectual hearing by observing what [ they ] think a individual will state at specific points. [ 7 ] Effective hearing accomplishments assist a societal worker to detect the underlying issues which are of concern to their clients. A simple illustration could be that of a kid who lashes out at other kids at school. In a meeting with a societal worker, the kid ab initio attempts to warrant his violent behavior and displays a desire to travel to another school, but one time an empathic bond has been created between the societal worker and the kid, it shortly becomes evident that the kid is holding troubles with reading and his actions result from feelings of embarrassment and insufficiency. Had the societal worker non been willing to listen efficaciously, they may hold accepted the child’s desire to travel to another school at face value which would non hold addressed the implicit in issue. It would hold merely been a impermanent solution and it is likely that following the move to the new school, the child’s form of floging out at other students would return. However, by helping the kid in get the better ofing his jobs with reading, the societal worker would hold assisted in work outing the issue at the nucleus of the child’s violent effusions. Different listening accomplishments may besides be needed in different societal work state of affairss ( Dorfman lists some of the functions that societal workers perform which include ; recommend, pedagogue, counselor, go-between, adviser, research worker and judge [ 8 ] ) and when covering with different clients ( eg immature people, people with disablements and people from different cultural and cultural backgrounds ) . Listening accomplishments are possibly most of import to societal workers when they are carry throughing their function as counselors. In this function, societal workers must demo empathy with the client, guarantee that they feel that they are in a safe environment, be non-judgmental and let the client to experience that they can take hazards and do errors within this environment without reverberations. For state of affairss in which a societal worker is holding trouble promoting a client to speak, Gambrill provides the following troubleshooting checklist : Bash you follow the ask-listen-ask regulation? Bash you offer high-quality hearing? Are you interested in what other people say? Bash you concentrate excessively much on yourself and non plenty on what other people do, experience and believe? Bash you miss or misinterpret societal signals that other people want to talk? Bash you bury to wait a few seconds after other people finish speaking before talking? [ 9 ] Through the usage of simple methods such as nodding in understanding, appropriate oculus contact and positive organic structure linguistic communication, the societal worker can promote an unfastened resonance with a client. In some instances, particularly with younger people, it may be the first clip that person has taken the clip to listen to their ideas and feelings on a given topic. By authorising them to in this manner, a societal worker is able to supply them with the tools needed to show themselves. By taking the clip to actively listen, societal workers are besides able to take notice of extra factors which might non come across in the existent words spoken for case ; the client’s organic structure linguistic communication, reactions and general demeanor. It can besides be used as a tool to quiet clients that are upset as demonstrated by Kinney, Haapala A ; Booth. [ 10 ] The illustrations provided by them do it clear that their doctrine of when in uncertainty, listen [ 11 ] can be rather effectual. In state of affairss in which the societal worker is come ining a extremely charged environment with several persons all viing to be heard, Kinney, Haapala A ; Booth suggest reaching persons by phone prior to the meeting, constructing a relationship and therefore cut downing the force per unit area on the societal worker to necessitate to turn to everyone’s viing precedences all at one time at the face to confront meeting. [ 12 ] They provide the undermentioned illustration to assist exemplify their point: Abbey ( 37 ) , the female parent of 15-year-old Tammy ( the PR ) , who was in having attention when we got the referral, was really angry with her girl and the kid public assistance system when I called to do our first assignment. We talked for about an hr and a half. Most of the clip she was inquiring why – why parents have no power, why childs have all the control, why running off is non a offense, why everybody is faulting the parents. She besides told narratives about Tammy’s past misbehavior, failure to react to her ( and her husband’s ) attempts to better the household state of affairs. For about 45 proceedingss I responded about wholly by active listening – reflecting defeat, embarrassment, choler, disheartenment, confusion. After a clip Abbey began to speak more easy and in a lower tone of voice. She was still inquiring inquiries and at that point I on occasion shared with her my apprehension of the purpose of some policies, Torahs, social workers, etc. , admiting that the system is non perfect, is germinating and sometimes blowbacks. I shared with her that I was her age and that I besides observed generational differences and sometimes found adolescents confounding. By the terminal of our conversation we had made an assignment and in three or four cases Abbey had laughed at something we had said. She apologised for being so angry and stating so many ( harmonizing to her civilization – Asian ) rude things. I assured her that I wanted to hear her existent feelings and that I appreciated her candor and her defeat. We hung up looking frontward to run intoing each other. ( Ellen Douthat ) . [ 13 ] The above illustration raises several interesting points. Even though the conversation took topographic point over the telephone, by actively listening to Abbey, the societal worker was able to promote her to open up and portion more information with her than would hold been the instance had the societal worker merely discussed the issues she was raising with her. Likewise, the societal worker was able to quiet Abbey down and one time that had been achieved, construct a resonance with her which so allowed the societal worker to set a human face to a system which can frequently look dashing and unaccessible. By admiting that the system is non perfect but that it does function an of import intent, the societal worker was able to do Abbey experience that she was non being judged and that she was in a safe environment in which she was able to unburden herself of the defeats that she was experiencing. However, it is of import to observe that listening should, in most instances, be active as opposed to passive. Returning to the illustration set out above, the societal worker in that instance used active hearing to let Abbey to vent her defeats and quiet down. Once she had done so, the societal worker was so able to present other elements into the interaction. The point being that even while listening, the societal worker is actively involved in guaranting that the interaction moves frontward in a structured manner. As Clark et al point out, Listening is non easy. It requires a deep consciousness and at the same clip a suspension of our opinions and above all our biass. It requires openness to change. [ 14 ] One of the chief obstructions to effectual hearing can really be a societal worker’s ain good purposes and opinions. This is peculiarly so in the instance of freshly qualified societal workers who have spent old ages analyzing and are acute to set the theories they have learnt into pattern. In such a instance, a societal worker must seek difficult to avoid seeking to happen a solution at any cost and spend clip finding what the underlying job may be. This can merely be done by actively listening to what the client is stating and accepting that they are a facilitator of alteration as opposed to person who is at that place to enforce alteration from above. Furthermore, the fright of rolling into chartless Waterss may besides deter certain societal workers from using effectual hearing accomplishments. It is frequently much easier to suit a client’s jobs into a standard text book solution than to assist a client unfastened up deeper and less manageable issues. The force per unit areas of limited resources, viing precedences, etc may besides lend to the demand to restrict clip spent with clients. As the usage of listening accomplishments is more clip devouring it is a more expensive usage of resources when it comes to happening short-run solutions. However, when long-run ends and consequences are taken as the step of success, the usage of effectual hearing accomplishments will ever be a more cost effectual usage of resources as it is more likely to turn to the underlying issues which is similarly more likely to so take to an effectual solution. Most clients that come into contact with societal workers have been through traumatic experiences. They may non hold had anyone to turn to and as such may be looking to unburden their experiences onto a impersonal beginning. While there may be some initial blarney and resonance edifice required to do them experience like they are in a safe environment and to assist them open up, one time they feel comfy with the societal worker and look willing to work through their experiences with them, the societal worker should concentrate on utilizing their hearing accomplishments to promote the client. Listening accomplishments remain of critical importance for effectual communicating in societal work pattern. As celebrated above, listening accomplishments, when used efficaciously allow societal workers to accomplish legion aims such as constructing resonance with clients, quieting them if they are experiencing frustrated, promoting them to experience like they are in a safe environment and leting them to show themselves without the fright of embarrassment or reverberations. However, the listening employed by societal workers should be active as opposed to passive and as such, the aims of their interactions with clients should ever steer the societal workers determination of when it is appropriate to listen and when they are required to take the lead. Bibliography Clark, A. , Kjorholt, A. T. A ; Moss, P. ( 2005 ) ,Beyond Listening: Children s Positions on Early Childhood Servicess, The Policy Press Dorfman, R. A. ( 1996 ) , Clinical Social Work: Definition, Practice, and Vision, Brunner/Mazel Inc, New York Galinsky, M. J. ( 2004 ) , Handbook of Social Work With Groups, The Guilford Press, New York Gambrill, E. D. ( 1997 ) , Social Work Practice: A Critical Thinker s Guide, Oxford University Press, New York Edward gibbons, B. J. A ; Hargie, O. ( 2004 ) ,Skilled Interpersonal Communication, 4Thursdayed. , Routledge, East Sussex Kinney, J. , Haapala, D. A ; Booth, C. ( 1991 ) ,Keeping Families Together: The Homebuilders Model, Transaction Pub Maidment, J. A ; Egan, R. ( 2004 ) , Practice Skills in Social Work and Welfare: More Than Merely Common Sense, Allen A ; Unwin, Australia Parkes, C. M. ( 1996 ) , Reding in Terminal Care and Bereavement, BPS Books, Leicester Van Servellen, G. ( 1997 ) , Communication Skills for the Health Care Professional: Concepts and Techniques, Aspen Publishers, Maryland 1

Death, Tragedy and Community at Wartime Essay Essays

Death, Tragedy and Community at Wartime Essay Essays Death, Tragedy and Community at Wartime Essay Essay Death, Tragedy and Community at Wartime Essay Essay Essay Topic: Woman On the Edge Of Time Diing in War: Deductions for the household. the community and the societal worker Death is a phenomenon that evokes assorted reactions and positions from a community. For some. it a blest release from the tests and jobs of life. To others. it may really good be the terminal of the universe when they lose a loved 1. What remains changeless nevertheless is the heartache. mourning and solitariness experienced by those left buttocks. Even more so when decease was sudden and unexpected as like what happens in times of war. catastrophe. and terrorist onslaughts. Grief goes through many phases. each phase more hard that the last. While most people by and large manage to get by with clip. some experience more troubles and tend to develop psychological and emotional jobs. During the First and Second World Wars. the knock of the mailman was a thing of apprehension. They either brought wires citing the boies and male parents of households for the bill of exchange or wires denoting the decease or loss of loved one. An estimated 8 million military forces in 14 European states were killed in World War I. and 14. 4 million military forces in 17 European states were killed in World War II ( Aiken. 2001. p. 111 ) . Parents who all of a sudden lose their kids such as what happened to most wartime female parents with big boies normally have a harder clip coming to footings with the decease of their kid ( Gilbert. 2005. p. 6 ) . The loss and feelings of weakness and choler can be intense. There is a common belief that something is incorrect when a parent buries his/her kid. Most parents who have experienced this study that they feel dissociation with life and everything merely felt so unreal ( p. 6 ) . That it is non right that parents should last their kids is frequently the idea that haunts bereft parents. What function do societal workers play in times of war and panic? Social jobs are defined as the challenges that face and exist in communities ( Hardcastle. Powers A ; Wenocur. 2004. p. 62 ) . It is the societal worker’s occupation to assist the community and its members formulate and implement solutions to these jobs. Social workers normally work with jobs related to economic disadvantages. unwellness and disablement. offense and delinquency. maltreatment and ill-treatment. service proviso to particular parts of the population and mental unwellness. All these jobs call for leading attending and trained intercession ( P. 62 ) . No state of affairs can set all these things together more than times of war. What may be the biggest challenge to a societal worker though is the undertaking of assisting a household and community trade with the sudden losingss of loved 1s in combat. In add-on to this. they should besides be prepared to get by with the rehabilitation of those who have been able to come back place but exist with cicatrixs that are non merely physical but besides mental and emotional. The events of September 11. 2001. though technically non a portion of any formal war except the 1 on panic. had an impact that was non dissimilar to armed struggles. There was confusion. choler. anxiousness and above all. people who in an blink of an eye lost their loved 1s. As with wartime. sudden decease can merely be viewed as unjust and prematurely ( Clements. Deranieri. Vigil A ; Benasutti. 2004 ) For illustration. the September 11. 2001 panic onslaughts left behind households and kids who have lost mas and pas in that blink of an eye. Even grownups and kids who were indirectly affected by the onslaughts have grown to endure feelings of anxiousness and tattered security in their personal and familial safety ( Smith A ; Reynolds. 2002 ) . Besides the inevitable feelings of heartache. kids particularly were left buttocks and frequently had to postulate with incubuss and morbid images of the traumatic deceases their loved 1s experienced every bit good as the emphasis and trouble of seeking to visualize lives without ma or pa. It is besides of import to retrieve that the effects of injuries are non limited to those who suffer it straight ( Sims. Hayden. Palmer A ; Hutchins. 2000. p. 41 ) The ubiquitousness of telecasting besides afforded kids at place non merely intelligence of the onslaughts but besides graphic images and descriptions of the calamity and all its force. This made it even more debatable for kids and people who have lost loved 1s in the Twin Towers and the plane clangs as coverage of each hideous scene gave them fresh fish for the imaginativeness and subsequent incubuss. The instance of a 7-year old male child named Johnny is cited in the survey ( 2002 ) by Smith and Reynolds. : Following the 9/11 onslaughts. Johnny developed a changeless fright of his parents go forthing place and acquiring killed by â€Å"bad work forces. † He besides developed a phobic disorder of lifts and would throw fits whenever his parents tried to do him utilize one. Johnny admitted to his healer that his fright of lift stemmed from a narrative he heard of how â€Å"people in the Twin Towers were trapped and killed while siting in the lifts. † ( Smith A ; Reynolds. 2002 ) Neither Johnny nor his household were straight involved or affected in the panic onslaught. The mental and emotional strain suffered by subsisters and those affected by this really high profile event led to the American Psychiatric Association’s puting up of reding services â€Å"focusing on heartache. acute emphasis and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ) ( Smith A ; Reynolds. 2002 ) . The trouble that most lasting relations meet is in the un-timeliness of decease. While conventional wisdom holds that boies and male parents who go to war may non come back once more. more frequently than non. there is a strong hope that they will be able to come place. Despite the cognition of all the possibilities. the sudden and traumatic nature of decease frequently creates jobs among lasting relations. They become victims in their ain right. Muller and Thompson believe that the mode of decease dramas a critical function in finding the reaction of the subsisters ( Muller A ; Thompson. 2003 ) . If its bad plenty for people to all of a sudden lose their loved 1s. how much more would it be for kids to populate and travel through an environment of war and decease? In his article in the Journal of Multi-cultural Counseling and Development in 2004. Clinical psychologist and Fellow of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) Gargi Roysircar relates the instance of 20-year old Yugoslavian emigrant Stephen. who at the age of 10 witnessed the tallness of the civil war between Christians and Muslims in Kosovo in 1990. In interviews with his counsellor. Stephen recalls witnessing about 80 % of his schoolmates get killed by bombs. sniper shootings and gunshot as they walked to and from school. At age 14. Stephen was taken by his male parent to the frontlines for preparation in combat to contend with the Serbian ground forces. The following two old ages wold take Stephen all over the Balkans and would expose him to all sorts of decease. want and war atrociousnesss. Finally migrating as political refugees in the United States. in 1999. Stephen demonstrated trouble in socialization and accommodation. The changeless supplanting he experienced in war along with the misgiving bred by his yesteryear and cultural paranoia fostered by the Croatian community they lived with made it hard for Stephen to acclimatise to peacetime puting. Roysircar describes Stephen as holding â€Å"recurrent ideas and images of his violent experience in the Balkans. He experienced incubuss. ill will and a profound sense of a deficiency of belonging. Stephen besides frequently recounted the troubles he experienced including â€Å"hiding in a cellar and eating rats† particularly when angry. He besides displays a deep-rooted hate for the Muslims and believes â€Å"the Middle East should be wiped off the face of the Earth† ( Roysircar. 2004 ) . While there may be theoretical accounts detailing phases of heartache and recovery. societal workers must be prepared for cases that do non adhere to such theoretical accounts. In Stephen’s instance while he did non straight lose any of his close household members. he was exposed at an early age to force and decease. He has besides experienced being the cause of another human being’s decease as he and his male parent fought on the Serbian ground forces. This is no different from the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder exhibited by American soldiers returning from Vietnam or any other country where they fought in combat. A individual does non hold to lose anyone in order to experience heartache. mourning and endure any upset that may ensue from it as evidenced by the small male child Johnnie and Stephen. Death in wartime is non limited to merely the loss of a loved one. In a community where all able bodied work forces are called to weaponries. anybody can lose hubbies. brothers. male parents and boies at any twenty-four hours. Families left behind are left to their ain devices and imaginings of what horrors their loved 1s are confronting. Those who do lose household members are haunted by the mode by which their loved one died. There is besides the unfortunate circumstance in war where decease is an equivocal issue. In the Vietnam War. many people were reported losing in action. The households of such people were left at an awkward and atrocious place of non cognizing whether they should be mourning or keeping out hope for their loved one’s return ( Worden. 2003. p. 40 ) . In some instances. some households do accept the world that their loved one may be dead and travel through the full procedure of mourning and recovery merely to be told subsequently that their hubbies and boies were merely captives of war and has since been released. While normally this may sound like a fairy narrative stoping. there may come unbridgeable spreads and tenseness that can merely destroy relationships and lives ( p. 85 ) . On the other manus. some households may maintain cleaving to the hope that their loved 1s are alive and hence garbage to give manner to heartache and credence. Stacy Bannerman ( 2007 ) is one of the many ground forces married womans whose matrimony was broken up by war. In her article that appeared in â€Å"The Progressive. † she relates how her one time happy matrimony with one of the military’s howitzer platoon commanding officers started heading downhill with every decease he caused and witnessed during his stretch in Iraq. She decries the insensitiveness and deficiency of support for military households from the National Guard. She farther cites how there was an absolute deficiency of prompt attending to the mental and emotional demands of returning military work forces who more frequently than non suffered from PTSD like her hubby. Lorin did. Because of this. there have been military work forces who have survived their circuit of responsibility merely to yield to mental and emotional torment and stop up perpetrating self-destruction on American dirt ( Bannerman. 2007 ) . It is the soldiers. their households. and the people of Iraq that pay the human costs. The check so far: more than 3. 000 dead U. S. military personnels. 10s of 1000s of hurt. over half a million Iraqi casualties. approximately 250. 000 American military mans and adult females fighting with PTSD. and about 60. 000 military matrimonies that have been broken by this war ( Bannerman. 2007 ) . The job here is that most of those left buttocks are left to get by with their ain frights without the support of anybody else except household and members who are besides wrapped up in their ain concerns. In this instance. societal workers must be able to take the lead in set uping outreach and community groups so people do non hold to get by and endure in isolation. Carpenter ( 2002 ) states that the psychological wellbeing of the members of a community is one of the occupations of a societal worker. While it is true that the injury brought on by exposure to force and decease may be an single procedure. healing and recovery demands social support and strong relationships ( Carpenter. 2002 ) . This may go a challenge to households and communities who are covering with their anxiousness and heartache. However. Carpenter reminds societal workers that one of the primary ends of societal work is to assist authorise the laden. Oppression in itself can take on many definitions and signifiers. In this peculiar instance. it is the injury and heartache that is enfeebling and suppressing the person and the community. Social workers must besides be prepared to look for marks of pent-up heartache. Some persons choose to keep back and neglect to show heartache and hence develop jobs later in life frequently developing passions. paranoia and demonstrate maltreatment towards other people. At times. the feelings of heartache or multiple losingss of loved 1s may take to a â€Å"grief overload† that would do an person to detain heartache ( Worden. 2003. p. 91 ) The community as a societal system can supply a web of support. Given the right leading. empathy and sensitiveness. it can besides go a â€Å"safe† topographic point where people can come to footings with their heartache and easy travel on toward recovery. In the instances of Johnnie and Stephen. it took clip before they were able to confront and acknowledge their choler. anxiousness and heartache at the bad things that they experienced and fright. Sometimes. self-reflection and a ready ear is all that’s necessary. As clinically trained counsellors and pathologists. societal workers are tasked with the responsibility of assisting people recognize and understand what jobs they may hold. Community-wise. societal workers should hold adequate cognition of the community’s demographics in order to unite and make a solid web of safety and interaction that may help troubled and bereaved persons peculiarly in struggle filled times such as war. Death at wartime comes in many signifiers. It could be the existent decease of a loved 1. anxiousness at the possible decease. loss at whether person is dead or non. or even those who continue to physically populate but have broken liquors and lasting disablements as a consequence of war lesions. Much as decease is a large thing that affects non merely the household but besides the community as a whole. war brings with it so much more jobs and issues that will doubtless dispute most societal workers. Undertaking societal work means one must be in sync with the community. By in sync. it covers everything from issues. cardinal people. and resources that may be mobilized in times of demand. War is a clip of huge crisis and calamity that the societal worker must be prepared to confront caput on and competently lead and ease the procedures by which the community may be transformed into a supportive societal system that each member may be able to depend on. This does non intend nevertheless that societal workers can non be affected or lose their sense of ego in covering with all these calamities. Tsui and Cheung ( 2003 ) urge a self-reflection on the portion of the societal worker in order to understand and come to footings with their ain reactions and feelings to calamities they both informant and hear about from their clients before trying to cover farther with the heartache of others. They besides stress that one time societal workers attend to their responsibilities. they should make so intellectually yet with empathy and concentrate on assessing and turn toing the demands of the community instead than one’s ain ( Tsui A ; Cheung. 2003 ) Mentions Aiken. L. R. ( 2001 ) . Diing. Death. and Bereavement ( 4th ed. ) . Mahwah. New jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=22091057 Bannerman. S. ( 2007. March ) . Broken by This War. The Progressive. 71. 26+ . Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=5021139792 Carpenter. J. ( 2002 ) . Mental Health Recovery Paradigm: Deductions for Social Work. Health and Social Work. 27 ( 2 ) . 86+ . Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=5000778618 Gilbert. K. R. ( 2005 ) . 1 When a Couple Loses a Child. In Family Stressors: Interventions for Stress and Trauma. Catherall. D. R. ( Ed. ) ( pp. 5-30 ) . New York: Brunner Routledge. Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=109184971 Catherall. D. R. ( Ed. ) . ( 2005 ) . Family Stressors: Interventions for Stress and Trauma. New York: Brunner Routledge. Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=109184958 Clements. P. T. . Deranieri. J. T. . Vigil. G. J. . A ; Benasutti. K. M. ( 2004 ) . Life after Death: Grief Therapy after the Sudden Traumatic Death of a Family Member. Positions in Psychiatric Care. 40 ( 4 ) . 149+ . Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=5008586582 Hardcastle. D. A. . Powers. P. R. . A ; Wenocur. S. ( 2004 ) . Community Practice: Theories and Skills for Social Workers. New York: Oxford University Press. Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=104722138 Roysircar. G. ( 2004 ) . Child Survivor of War: A Case Study. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development. 32 ( 3 ) . 168+ . Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=5012181947 Sims. M. . Hayden. J. . Palmer. G. . A ; Hutchins. T. ( 2000 ) . Working in Early Childhood Settings with Children Who Have Experienced Refugee or War-Related Trauma. Australian Journal of Early Childhood. 25 ( 4 ) . 41. Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=5001127890 Smith. S. . A ; Reynolds. C. ( 2002 ) . Innocent Lost: The Impact of 9-11 on the Development of Children. Annalss of the American Psychotherapy Association. 5 ( 5 ) . 12+ . Retrieved November 21. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=5002560442 Tsui. M. . A ; Cheung. F. C. ( 2003 ) . Covering with Terrorism: What Social Workers Should and Can Do. Social Work. 48 ( 4 ) . 556+ . Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=5002045024 Worden. J. W. ( 2003 ) . Grief Counselling and Grief Therapy: A Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner. Hove. England: Brunner-Routledge. Retrieved November 28. 2007. from Questia database: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=108479290

Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form

Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form By Maeve Maddox DM wonders about the usage of words such as â€Å"cast, broadcast, and cost.† As far as I can remember the past tense and past P. of broadcast is broadcast; however recently I checked an online dictionary and it has broadcasted. Is this an American standard or has it always been like this?†¨ The three examples, cast, broadcast, and cost belong to that dwindling category of strong verbs that continue to change their past forms. Broadcasted has already made the leap. The alternate form broadcasted is in the big dictionaries on both sides of the Atlantic. Merriam-Webster lists it among the inflected forms: broadcast also broadcasted; broadcast also broadcasted; broadcasting; broadcasts The OED gives it a nod in very tiny type after its definition of the radio transmission use:  Inflected pa. tense and pa. pple. broadcast. occas. broadcasted. AskOxford is unequivocally accepting: broadcast: verb (past broadcast; past part. broadcast or broadcasted) 1 transmit by radio or television. Although broadcasted has gained acceptance in the realm of radio transmissions, I would hesitate to use the -ed form to refer to sowing. Broadcast entered the language as an adjective to describe the spreading, or casting, of seed by hand, as opposed to planting it in furrows or holes. The first recorded use of the adjective is 1767. The first documented use of broadcast as a verb, still in the context of spreading seed, is 1813. It acquired its radio sense in 1921. When it comes to the regularized forms â€Å"costed’ and â€Å"casted,† writers will want to exercise caution. In modern usage casted is not universally accepted. It’s not even in the online Merriam-Webster Abridged (yet). It is in the OED, but only as an obsolete form of cast. â€Å"Elijah Wood was casted as Frodo Baggins,† sounds horribly incorrect to my ears, but an online search for casted without quotation marks brings up 3,030,000 hits; with quotation marks, 1,250,000. These numbers suggest that â€Å"casted† as the past tense of cast, at least in the context of choosing actors for a role, will eventually make it into standard usage. The form casted also crops up as a suffix in computer jargon: Using modern OpenGL and GLSL for preprocessing and ray-casted visualization, the BlockMap and its evolution are used to build a realtime multiresolution renderer for large urban models. The OED entry offers 83 numbered definitions for cast as a verb, including its use to express the casting of metal, the casting of lots, and the casting of aspersions. For these the standard past form is undeniably cast. (My search also turned up numerous examples of the nonstandard form casted in connection with the casting of metal.) Costed has not replaced past tense of cost in ordinary speech. I don’t think that many native speakers above the age of five would say â€Å"The gum ball costed a quarter.† As a transitive verb meaning â€Å"to estimate or fix the cost of production of an article or piece of work,† however, the accepted past form is costed: Rich world money systems place no value on coral or Amazonian rainforest. They cannot be traded, so they cannot be costed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsWhat the heck are "learnings"?

Clean up the Resumess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Clean up the Resumess - Essay Example The screening tool has helped the HR department to function effectively. Usually the best candidates are among the first one who are being hired, if the company does not have the capacity to screen resume in a faster and accurate way the company would end up hiring someone who are the least qualified. The significant impact of using the Hire.com screening tool is that you will be able to hire candidates with qualities that you really prefer. Southern has able to increase the number of resume they screened from 40% to 65%. While the Plantronics sometimes screens out resume as many as 95%. In any business the most important component to succeed are their employees. One of the competitive advantages of using online screening tool is that you will be ahead of other companies in hiring best employee. The company will become more competitive since you will be hiring employees which are competent and effective in the position that the company need. Since the resume will be stored in the company's database, hiring again in the future will be easy. All you need to do is to review the database and pick the best for the position. Using the online screening tools the company will be able to access applicants from all locations. Another advantage of the software is the cost. Posting ad in the newspaper or other means of advertisement cost a lot and can reach only limited number of people.

Frankfurt Thesis presented on Bullshit, Why is this of Particular Essay

Frankfurt Thesis presented on Bullshit, Why is this of Particular Importance to Public Affairs - Essay Example According to Frankfurt (2005) the thesis is used to help people to develop integrity and honest in whatever they do. Bullshit if practised to a larger extent make the country to lag behind in the area of development hence people need to avoid such act so that to improve the public affairs of he country . In business such practice is also common where business people cheat their customers to help them make a lot of profit. Government official to some extent have also embraced bullshit and in turn it has made people to loose trust for them. Citizens at the end of the day prefer private firms than governmental since in private sectors the rate of bullshit is low. In courts people use bullshit for them to be in a position to win a case, they hire lawyers whom they believe they are good at making stories hence they fake stories. The person may be guilty of a particular crime but because of bullshit they are claimed to be innocent in such cases some people end up suffering since justice is not granted. Frankfurt (2005) states that bullshit is great concern in the country since it may bring it down or take it up in terms of development. Children in most cases practice bullshit to avoid being punished by their parents. Politicians practice this to help them win the votes especially during elections in most countries. The politicians promise so much good things of which none is accomplished by the end of their time in the leadership. In relationships, bullshit is also practiced especially by the partners who are not faithful to each other; one may claim to love another just because of money and not on the basis of true love. This act has been promoted by the use of mobile phones where someone may say he is at a certain yet he is lying. In conclusion bullshit should be discouraged for the country to develop to a greater extent. Some cultures promote bullshit hence people should be enlightened and warned against such cultures and traditions. Bullshit in most cases is prac ticed in places where dirty things are done especially during odd hours since this practice should illegal. Children should be brought up in the right manner and discipline given I case they go an extra mile to practice bullshit. "Lie down for America" the Role of Ideology in Frank's Article, Does it Apply to Canadian Politics? Ideologies are assumptions that are neither right nor wrong, in most cases they have both the merits and the demerits for one to put into practice a certain ideology then he should weigh the if the merits outweigh the demerits . In several countries like Canada several ideologies have been used in various aspects especially politically, most of the politicians come up with ideologies and convince them citizens to go for them. As much as the ideology may be embraced by some people others may view it as a wrong thing hence fight against it. In some countries voting is used for an ideology to be put in place, if the majorities are for the ideology then it is put in. Choosing an ideology is subjective hence one may choose to be against it hence he should not be forced to go for the ideology as much as it may be good and of importance. Frank (2004) states that ideologies have been applied in several sectors in Canada, ideologies such as multiculturalism, peace making and sovereignty control were embraced. Ideologies play several roles in the society since it serve as an

Hobbes's key Philosophical contributions to social and political Research Paper

Hobbes's key Philosophical contributions to social and political Philisophy - Research Paper Example This, in its turn, logically resulted in the second provision which is attributed to the philosopher in question: the concept of war of all against all (Bobbio 41). Finally, there is another contribution which should be marked in particular: Hobbes suggested that religion should play a lesser role in explaining the state of social affairs which led to decrease of role of religion in science in general. As for the political dimension of his legacy, one should point out that this philosopher advocated the idea of a social contract that all the people concluded in order to stop the chaos around them. In addition to that, this idea is closely connected to the considerations about the positive role of an absolute monarch which embodied the power which the other people were not able to resist (Lloyd 289). In other words, the institute of monarchy that is condemned by the modern democratic society is what Hobbes valued rather

Research Proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Paper - Research Proposal Example The understudies will be asked to finish an overview (Drummond,2014). The finished study will create the greater part of the essential parts to position every understudy in the right area of the 3 X 3 factorial outlines. The study will contain an assortment of inquiries identified with the theory of this study to focus the examples. They are between the utilization designs/ recurrence of the utilization of video games with the kind of video diversion to the understudies achievement and psychological state. The overview will likewise educate with respect to the additional curricular exercises of the understudies since this kind of out of school association might likewise relate to higher or lower government sanctioned test scores. This study is critical due to how essential state-administered testing has ended up, and the amount time and cash get put into enhancing the scores of understudies here. Technology is an apparatus that educators can use to help adapting, yet brain research tutoring must be first. In the event that instructors and therapists do not see how to help learning, engineering utilization will be ineffectual and wasteful. The key determinant of our prosperity and enthusiastic dependability will not be the quantity of machines obtained or links introduced. Instead, it is how people characterize instructive dreams, plan and help staff, outline educational program, location issues of value, and react to the quickly evolving world. Innovation gets utilized as a part of different courses than for instructive profits. Engineering got additionally created for amusement and relaxation. Video games are a type of engineering incorporating visual, sound-related, and kinesthetic/material reenactment structures. Not all, yet numerous understudies are excited in the use of video games in the timetable of relaxation time and unwinding. Video games have advanced a long ways past the

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 39

Reflection - Essay Example Additionally, I provided helpful information in the presentation and I spelt out a clear definition of leadership, which was supported with several substantive quotes. However, because of the fairness of the assessment process I was also made aware of areas that I need to improve, which include ensuring that I use photos that directly relate to the topic of discussion. Secondly, I need to slow the pace of making a presentation and thirdly, I need to use my own voice whilst making the presentation. In the feedback received, it was noted that I should improve the presentation by using my own voice during the presentation. I will do this by simply making an audio file that directly interrelates with the presentation i.e. words and symbols on a particular slide. Secondly, I will change some pictures to make all the pictures fit with the concept of leadership and that will give the presentation a stronger meaning. I will locate such pictures by simply conducting an in-depth internet search and retrieving relevant pictures that are aligned with the topic of discussion or the concept of leadership. This assignment has helped me in redefining on what a leader is and it has helped me in developing a deeper understanding about the concept of leadership since I used visual images to r clarify further on certain points. The feedback particularly helped me to improve on my self since they highlighted on my weaknesses and they clearly stipulated on areas that I need to improve on. In the beginning of this semester I understood leadership as a practice whereby a person who in this case is a leader is able influence others in order to achieve the goals of the interest they present, which could be individual or organizational. At the end of the semester, I have a different view as well as understanding about leadership based on what I have learnt throughout the semester or whilst making the presentation. In particular, at the end of semester I

Research Proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Paper - Research Proposal Example The understudies will be asked to finish an overview (Drummond,2014). The finished study will create the greater part of the essential parts to position every understudy in the right area of the 3 X 3 factorial outlines. The study will contain an assortment of inquiries identified with the theory of this study to focus the examples. They are between the utilization designs/ recurrence of the utilization of video games with the kind of video diversion to the understudies achievement and psychological state. The overview will likewise educate with respect to the additional curricular exercises of the understudies since this kind of out of school association might likewise relate to higher or lower government sanctioned test scores. This study is critical due to how essential state-administered testing has ended up, and the amount time and cash get put into enhancing the scores of understudies here. Technology is an apparatus that educators can use to help adapting, yet brain research tutoring must be first. In the event that instructors and therapists do not see how to help learning, engineering utilization will be ineffectual and wasteful. The key determinant of our prosperity and enthusiastic dependability will not be the quantity of machines obtained or links introduced. Instead, it is how people characterize instructive dreams, plan and help staff, outline educational program, location issues of value, and react to the quickly evolving world. Innovation gets utilized as a part of different courses than for instructive profits. Engineering got additionally created for amusement and relaxation. Video games are a type of engineering incorporating visual, sound-related, and kinesthetic/material reenactment structures. Not all, yet numerous understudies are excited in the use of video games in the timetable of relaxation time and unwinding. Video games have advanced a long ways past the

Iron deficiency anemia Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Iron deficiency anemia - Annotated Bibliography Example It also explains that iron deficiency originates from poor dieting whereby one takes foods that are not rich in the nutrient. This book explains the functions of iron in the body and give in depth details about iron. It explains the biochemical functions of iron for example; it explains the role of iron in oxygen transportation and the production of energy. It further explains the reason as to why humans require an abundant supply of iron. These among other factors are behind my choice to use this book. The book is available from Google books library. By giving details about the importance of iron in the body, the book is relevant to the study of iron deficiency anemia in humans. This book reveals the effects of iron deficiency anemia in different age groups and sex as well. It provides information on how iron deficiency impacts on children, middle aged persons and persons aged 50 and above. This is particularly necessary in the quest to determine who are most prone to contracting the disease. In addition, it also explains the effects iron deficiency has on males and females. By giving a focused perspective of the effects of irons on different age groups and gender, the book proofs vital to this study. It addresses the pertinent issues regarding deficiency of iron in males and females. For example it explains that old people are prone to have a deficiency in iron as compared to children. The book was retrieved from Google books and can be accessed from there. This book by Uthman reveals the effects of iron deficiency anemia. It provides information on how iron deficiency impacts on children, middle aged persons and persons aged 50 and above. The book was retrieved from the University of Mississippi. This book is highly recommended and necessary in the quest to determine who are most prone to contracting the disease. In addition, it also explains the effects iron

The Limits of Amylase Essay Example for Free

The Limits of Amylase Essay Abstract This report explains the purpose of this experiment in a way that conveys information to the reader about Amylase’s ability to withstand acidic or basic pH. To do this, two test tubes were both filled with 5mL of a 5% amylase solution. The first one was filled with an acid, while the other was filled with a base. After dropping liquid Iodine and Benedict’s solution into each one, the tube with a basic pH tested positive for glucose. The acidic solution tested (mostly) negative for glucose, although there were trace amounts at the bottom. Overall, my conclusion is that only acidic solutions inhibit Amylase’s ability to digest starch. Background The goal of the experiment is to test whether or not Amylase can withstand abnormal changes in pH without denaturing itself. Salivary Amylase is an enzyme that acts upon any polysaccharide that enters the mouth (mainly starch). However, it has a few other clinical uses. It is used for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, and other medical conditions regarding Amylase levels in the body. Amylase’s first discovery in 1831 led to new experiments about this enzyme. By separating pancreatic Amylase from Trypsin, they were able to realize that it acted upon starch, breaking it down into a simple sugar, or monosaccharide. In the diagram (featured below), the active site of this enzyme contain three major acidic groups. These contain a calcium ion (the large gray sphere) , the chloride ion (the large green sphere), and the chain of five sugar units (in yellow orange). Previously mentioned, this enzyme will act upon starch and break it down into simple sugars. 2 Hypothesis If we expose Amylase to a variety of acidic and basic solutions to test whether it will still digest starch or not, then I think that it will denature both ways, because Amylase is normally intolerable to any pH above 8 or below 6. Materials and Procedures The following will be useful in this experiment: 20mL of a 5% Amylase solution 20mL of a 1% starch solution 8 test tubes At least 5mL of HCl At least 5mL of NaOH Hot plate Beaker full of water (for incubation) Liquid Iodine Solution Benedict’s Solution Follow this procedure: 1. In your first 4 test tubes, add the following solutions accordingly to each tube: -Test tube 1: 5mL of distilled water -Test tube 2: 5mL of the 5% Amylase solution -Test tube 3: 5mL of Amylase solution + 2-3 drops of HCl -Test tube 4: 5mL of Amylase solution + 2-3 drops of NaOH 2. Add 5mL of the starch solution into each tube. 3. Incubate each tube in the beaker of water for 30 minutes. The temperature should be 37 °C (98.6 °F). 4. After incubation, split half of all contents in each tube into 4 new tubes. 5. Insert 2-3 drops of the Iodine solution into the first set of beakers (the original 4). Then, insert 2-3 drops of the Benedicts solution into the second set of test tubes. 6. Record any color changes. 3 Results The first test tube (containing distilled water) was light brown when mixed with iodine, and blue when mixed with Benedict’s solution. The second test tube (5% Amylase solution) was light brown when mixed with iodine. It became orange when Benedict’s was added to the mix. The third test tube turned dark brown when the iodine was added. The other beaker with test tube 3’s contents remained blue when Benedict’s solution was added, although traces of Orange were found. The last test tube appeared Light Brown with the iodine mixed in (3 drops are always used), and appeared Orange when combined with the Benedict’s solution. Discussion Many of the test tubes ended up looking like I expected them to, except the fourth beaker. I had not expected that Amylase, under the influence of a very basic solution, could still act as a catalyst for starch. With a pH of  9 or higher, Amylase would normally denature itself. This could mean one of two things: Amylase is capable of functioning normally under a very high pH, or it could’ve been human error that led to this surprising result. To minimize chances of this happening again, assuming that this was human error only, would be to maximize the pH in the fourth beaker to 14 instead of 12, should a new lab arise, focusing on Amylase’s ability to withstand a high pH without getting denatured. Conclusion Overall, most of my results agreed with my notes and background knowledge about Amylase, apart from the difference in test tube 4. Like I predicted, the Amylase solution (tube 2) tested positive for simple sugars, the acidic solution denatured the enzyme, and the distilled water did absolutely nothing. Sources Dugdale, D. (2013, October 31). Amylase blood. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003464.htm (n.a.) Alpha- amylases. (2006, February 18). Retrieved from http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/download/Alpha-amylase.pdf (n.a.) Alpha amylase. (2010, January 29). Retrieved from http://science.marshall.edu/murraye/alpha_amylase.htm

Impact and Challenges of Citizen Reporters

Impact and Challenges of Citizen Reporters Abstract As the global affectation by voyeuristic media challenges the standardized impart of information, it is through the contiguity of citizen reporting that standards of exchange will be challenged and influenced towards a significantly positive outcome. The following dissertation represents an amalgamation of current arguments both for and against citizen reporters and their integration into mass media. The information presented will quickly acclimate the reader to the historical importance of this debate, and through representation of an objective viewpoint, conclusions will be drawn regarding the relative sustainability of this form of media integration. The establishment of a world body of reporter will be shown as necessitated by our expansion as a world of voyeurs, which aligns the inherent need for human contact with the decided assimilation of global information. Research Questions The following questions represent my interest in the topic of Citizen Reporters: Who are the citizen reporters in today’s society and what effect do they have on the current media climate? What does the future look like for citizen reporters and what challenges lay ahead for a free-form integration of their unique viewpoints on important global incidents? Triangulation The obvious utilization of multiple sources, expanded upon either side of the citizen reporter debate will enable my objective view of all arguments and discussion. Additionally, through research and identification of current sources of citizen reporters I will be able to determine the accurate analysis of these entities within outside research, as well as my own integration of their framework into my discussion. Methodology Due to the extremely modern relationship between the substantial integration of citizen reporters and current forms of media exploitation, the most important research of this topic was encountered in magazines and journal entries which represent subjective viewpoints on both sides of the debate. Additionally, discussion with editors of affluent news entities substantiated my research and offered a more immediate impression of the distinct challenges ahead of citizen reporter utilization. Introduction As the high swells battered the coast of New Orleans, a young woman stood on the balcony of her seventh floor apartment watching cars and mailboxes as they were swept away in the current. Her images appeared days later as eyewitness accounts of the terrible Hurricane Katrina disaster and offered the public a firsthand glimpse of terrible devastation. Across the globe, â€Å"the potential value of citizen journalism first became glaring in 2005 when camera-phone images of the London Underground bombings†¦made front pages around the world.†[1] Regardless of incident, the power of the uniquely positioned citizen to provide the world with spectacular images of important global events has set precedence for the future of reporting. The debate rages, however, as to the efficacy of these first hand accounts, and the dilution of media with illegitimacy has further proffered doubt into the validity of citizen reporting. Hypothesis Ultimately, it will be through the efforts of a collaborative world media that barriers and boundaries to the freedom of information may be dismantled and dependent upon the prudent editorial mitigation of erroneous reports, the world will greatly benefit from incorporation of citizen accounts into their media diets. Personal Affectation The research herein details a highly introspective look into my own apprehensions regarding citizen reporting. In the end, through the acceptance of a world necessity for a decrease in censorship and an integration of a wide variety of sources, not just the current information monopoly, I determined that I accept and appreciate the utilization of citizen journalists. The information was readily available, yet distinguishing the more pertinent arguments from those that are simply jaded and encouraged by fear of change was a bit more difficult. In the end, personal discussions with publication editors, as well as a wide variety of material greatly assisted in my appreciation for this form of media. Defining Citizen Reporting In an effort to determine the actuation of citizen reporting, one may only need to turn to current events to spark acumen in the realization of this form of communication. The impact of images of Rodeny King in and the impactive racial slurs of Michael Richards in the US or the devastating destruction of the Underground Bombings in London, have all had an extremely provocative influence on citizen media dedication. In fact the illumination of a world of purported truths has only been affected as the local media conglomerates have begun to accept citizen participation as a necessity in the struggle for accurate and realistic information. The import of reality television and online voyeur websites such as YouTube continue to affirm the power of viewership and the necessitated prioritization of information. In fact, it is through the socialization of news and first-hand integration of rapid iconography of media shakers that the revision of global media has become a perpetual debate. The citizen reporter can potentially evolve from anyone with a camera or even a mobile phone who is lucky enough to encounter a rare and important (and sometimes not so important) circumstance. The ensuing integration of this visual media into local news shows and global media behemoths alike sustains the necessity of in depth interaction with world events. The proliferation of such varied forms of transportable media continues to affirm a desire for interaction within a global community, and through the attraction of citizen reporters, information sharing continues to become far easier. The Supporters—The World Media Conglomerate As world media organizations struggle to identify the veracity within citizen journalists’ contributions, many are accepting their import as a necessitated integration into their future business plans. In fact, through the continued assimilation of the informal journalistic body, the more impactful events will become global focuses unlike ever before seen. â€Å"The journalists role is now to concentrate harder on how, when and where we can add value through our strengths of analysis, context, background and range. But as we do this we must be open to what members of the public bring to our attention. When handled properly, it adds value and improves quality.†[2] The analytical comport of the true journalist will become the equivalent of intensive factions of editors who receive and re-interpret the findings of their citizen journalists in order to proliferate the desires of a well-informed society. Several local citizen based websites and firms have taken this approach to the extreme, standardizing their workforce into the contributions of citizen journalists, many with no prior skill or training. Yet, their effectiveness is debatable, and as financial corporations, supporting their perpetuation does not yet seem to be the most prudent of financial decisions. â€Å"Internet analyst Jay Park at Samsung Securities in Seoul argues that OhmyNews was successful because it was politically motivated, not business-oriented.†[3] The reality for countries such as Korea is that government regulation of media inhibits the ability to receive unbiased broadcasts important to political elections and the legislative power of the people. The fundamental necessity of free media continues to drive global interaction in regards to citizen reporting, oftentimes inspiring the camera toting voyeur to explore scenarios previously impenetrable to the traditional news reporter. The redefinition of media will continue to include citizen reporting into its annuls, challenging journalists to significantly change tactics and seek more affluent and provocative stories in addition to daily occurrences as their focus shifts from subversive to immersive. ‘â€Å"Traditional journalism is the outside looking in,’ Mitch Gelman, executive vice president of CNN.com, said. ‘Citizen journalism is the inside looking out. In order to get the complete story, it helps to have both point of views.’†[4] Obviously, the ability to see all dimensions within a breaking news story becomes an integral part of the global assimilation of citizens into the scheme of media reporting. Additionally, through a necessitated desire to affect change and political activism, the pertinent inclusion of a wide variety of media offers an escape from government regulated politicking. Whereas in the UK, the regulation of political campaigns means minimalizing mass media integration of television advertising, sourcing additional communicative avenues has become a significant priority. The Labour party, inspired by the power of YouTube took to advancing their cause through the well known presence of Tony Blair in an unprecedented inclusion of a major British political figure into a world formerly ruled by lonelygirl15, a once powerful yet innocuous YouTube force. It is integration of multiple media avenues which continues to afford a world media the opportunity to view uncensored information, and while political propaganda is undeniably susceptible to the affectation of the representative party, the viewers are now challenged to explore many avenues to effectively decipher thei r own pertinent information. The Naysayers—The Struggle to Protect Media Yet, the converse of the global citizen integration into mass media also poses significant concern and potential debilitating effects to this veracity based empire. So far, the most significant naysayers continue to be journalistic supporters who feel that the potential integration of citizen reporting poses significant problems for information exchange. Namely, the ability to regulate citizen content or invoke accountability protocol against those who misuse their powers and global affectation, signifies a dilution of world media which could negatively affect the transfer of important facts to the public. As governments refuse to regulate electronic content, namely publically shared information, â€Å"such changes raise policy issues that disturb some colleagues. How can our journalistic reputation be protected when we are not fully in control of our content?†[5] Oftentimes subjected to the infiltration of a derisive surfer, web and media content must constantly be edited and investigated in order to assure the publication of truth in global broadcasting. â€Å"Just as the printing press was disruptive in its time, the ubiquity of the Net and the cheap tools that give voice to anyonewhether talented or nothas kicked off a period of creative ferment.†[6] In fact there are significantly powerful web spiders or congregations of hackers and dissenters seek to flood virtuous areas of media with their own petulant inklings. Mitigation of these groups means constant warfare, and as vacillatory as the world public is, their accidental integration into global media could mean dissonance and refusal of participation in sites whose news publications incorporate citizen reporters. A secondary opinion detailing concern within the integration of citizen reporting lies in the fact that trends and fads fade when public opinion becomes stagnant. â€Å"Other industry watchers also express doubts that citizen journalism will turn out to be a going concern. Had it been an attractive global model, ‘someone would have made lots of money by now.’†[7] And, regardless of whether someone has cornered the market on citizen journalism or not, the willingness of the public to accept its efficacy plays an integral role in its future success. While many companies are copying the model set up in South Korea, the perception is that their eventual disintegration will spell a reaffirmation of journalistic principles and affect a minimalization of citizen journalism. The Future—Dog Walking Star Breaches Headlines Currently, there are few websites completely devoted to the perpetuation of citizen journalism. In South Korea, â€Å"OhmyNews, set up in 2000, now has about 90 full-time staffers 65 of them journalists and some 44,000 citizen contributors. Together, they produce around 150 articles a day. This year, it expects revenues of about $6 million, 60% of which come from online ads and the rest from the sale of the companys news product to Internet portals, and from miscellaneous services.†[8] The challenge of a completely integrated site such as this one is that online advertising, regardless of integration of unpaid citizen reporters into a news site is the influx of capital which assures perpetuation and expansion. Should this particular site not attract the investment capital needed, their failure is immanent. Yet their power and assimilation of attentive citizens represents a significant advance at the forefront of global media. They have even branched out in order to attempt incorporation of global audiences into their media focus. â€Å"OhmyNews English-language news division is produced by nearly 1,500 citizen reporters from more than 100 countries, plus five professional editors based in the U.S. and Korea.†[9] Remarkably, the reliance on conventional media continues to minimize the effectiveness of online agencies such as this one, and in spite of potentially similar broadcasts with integrated content that might represent government censorship in their countries of origin, viewers and readers have not yet attached their interests to the facilities of global reportership. Additional global journalism integrates the use of similar electronic voyeurism such as YouTube into more socially affirmative avenues such as Yahoo News. â€Å"Users can visit the section of Yahoo News, dubbed You Witness News, to upload pictures and video that will then be uploaded to Flickr and related video sites. Yahoo and Reuters editors will then go through the material to determine if any of the content can accompany news articles.†[10] It is through the dedicated editorial departments of such online agencies that the perpetuation of public support for citizen journalism will predominate the views of naysayers. Without thorough source analysis and standardized operating procedures which will guarantee the clarity and veracity of reports, sites such as Yahoo and OhMy will continue to encounter significant resistance from a traditionalist mindset. Where the romanticism of citizen journalism and the freedom of information exchange may capture the majority of the world’s nations with the novelty of more widespread and un-censored media coverage, in France, stringent legislation has now been enacted in order to ban this idea of free reporting and videography. â€Å"The ostensible purpose of the ban is to curb ‘happy slapping,’ the recording of assaults and other crimes by accomplices in order to post videos on the Internet as trophies†¦France is the first country to legislate against it Quite apart from instances of official misconduct, however, the ban attempts to squelch the growing phenomenon of ‘citizen journalism.†[11] This drastic measure has hardly been challenged by the French media organizations, as their government owned framework mitigates the exposure of the world to uncensored French news. Highly evident within this government influence is the limited media coverage of the 2005 u rban riots during which the majority of informatory video came from citizen broadcasts. The resistance from the French regime to accept the global implications of incorporation of its citizens as news correspondents shows an ongoing manipulation of public media sources. The unfortunate fact of this censorship is that dissonance among citizens results in redistribution of French attention towards online media broadcasters regardless of government regulation. The right of humanity to remain informed is an accepted practice throughout the globe, yet political interference continues to hamper the advance of propaganda-free broadcasting. Finally, asides to the mainstream influx of news sources continue to spring up throughout the global information deluge. â€Å"The Center for Citizen Media, which launched a website last month, is setting out to encourage grassroots media, and especially citizen journalism. Its one of the latest new media groups jumping into the movement to further citizen journalism online.†[12] Through encouragement and incremental journalistic education for citizens, the electronic media centers throughout the world will enforce a tactic of freedom of information, which enlivens a residual essence of historical significance: the right to know. Through dedication to human information involvement as well as integration of first-hand accounts into global events, the continuation of information sharing will stand resilient to selfish naysayers. Issues of Confidentiality One area which must be addressed within the scope of citizen journalism is the mitigation of privacy infringement. The idea that anyone with a camera or a pen could become a global media informant makes the lives of media makers much more susceptible to exposure. An individual’s scheme of recognition might include photographically accosting a famous icon with the expectation that through utilization of their image and a distorted narrative, that they could influence headlines worldwide. Throughout my research, the paparazzi played an important role already in this media manipulation, yet the integration of potentially millions of would-be journalists drastically increases the size of their information army. It will be extremely important for major media organizations to discourage their potential affect on the pervasive exploitation of media icons in order to continue to support privacy and fairness regardless of global integration. Conclusion It is not the quality of the reporting, nor is it the frequency, but it is the inherent freedom of citizen reporters which challenges the global media magnates to incorporate the influential view of its people into daily information sessions. Where news was once the ability of government bodies to communicate their policies, the integration of daily human interest stories reminds the global citizenship that it is the interest of humans which most drives effective media. Through perpetuation of the World Wide Web, the global community has shrunk the distance between continents, oftentimes finding as much brotherly interaction across borders as within. It is the unique ability to voyeuristically involve all world citizens in the occurrences which shape society and the environment with which it interacts that determines the approach taken towards future challenges. It is absolutely a necessity to mitigate the effect of journalistic elitists through citizen challenges of an information i nflux; in this way, the reeducation of a global community will be dependant on all unique perspectives, and not just those relative to the monopolistic media organization. References â€Å"Bloggers, Citizen Journalists See Katrina From the Inside; As News Organizations Cover the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in Broad Strokes, Bloggers Citizen Journalists are Reporting on the devastation While Living its Consequences.† Information Week: September 1st, 2005. Fernandez, Sophie. â€Å"Happy Slapping the French Public; Sarko Takes a Stand Against Citizen Journalism.† The Weekly Standard: March 13th, 2007. Ihlwan, Moon. ‘â€Å"OhmyNews’ Oh My Biz Problem; The Korean Site for Citizen Reporting Hasn’t had Much Success So Far With its Moves Into Other Markets—And it’s in the Red at Home (Asia).† Business Week Online: November 2nd, 2006. Johnston, Garth. â€Å"YouNewsTV Turns Viewers Into Stringers.† Broadcasting Cable: 137:10, March 5th, 2007. Levy, Steven. â€Å"Dawn of the Amateurs; A Flap Over Fraud on Wikipedia Raises Questions About the Reliability of Information in the Age of ‘You Media.† Newsweek International: March 26th, 2007. â€Å"Media Analysis: Citizen Journalism Acceptance Impacts PR. (User Generated Content).† PR Week (US): December 11th, 2006. â€Å"More Sites Venture Into Grassroots/Citizen Media; There’s a Growing Number of New media Groups Pushing a Movement To Further Citizen Journalism Online.† InternetWeek: February 1st, 2006. Sambrook, Richard.â€Å"Citizen journalism and the BBC: ‘ when major events occur, the public can offer us as much new information as we are able to broadcast to them. From now on, news coverage is a partnership’ (citizen journalism).†Nieman Reports: 59.4, Winter 2005. 1 Footnotes [1] Garth Johnston, â€Å"YouNewsTV Turns Viewers Into Stringers.† (March 5th, 2007) [2] Richard Sambrook, â€Å"Citizen journalism and the BBC: ‘ when major events occur, the public can offer us as much new information as we are able to broadcast to them. From now on, news coverage is a partnership’(citizen journalism),† (Winter 2005) [3] Moon Ihlwan, ‘â€Å"OhmyNews’ Oh My Biz Problem; The Korean Site for Citizen Reporting Hasn’t had Much Success So Far With its Moves Into Other Markets—And it’s in the Red at Home (Asia),† (November 2nd, 2006) [4] â€Å"Bloggers, Citizen Journalists See Katrina From the Inside; As News Organizations Cover the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in Broad Strokes, Bloggers and Citizen Journalists are Reporting on the Devastation While Living its Consequences,† (Sept 1, 2005) [5] Richard Sambrook, (Winter, 2005) [6] Steven Levy, â€Å"Dawn of the Amateurs; A Flap Over Fraud on Wikipedia Raises Questions About the Reliability of Information in the Age of ‘You Media,† (March 26th, 2007) [7] Moon Ihlwan, (November 2nd, 2006) [8] Moon Ihlwan, (November 2nd, 2006) [9] Moon Ihlwan, (November 2nd, 2006) [10] â€Å"Media Analysis: â€Å"Citizen Journalism Acceptance Impacts PR,† (Dec 11, 2006) [11] Sophie Fernandez , â€Å"Happy Slapping the French Public; Sarko Takes a Stand Against Citizen Journalism,† (March 13th, 2007) [12] Richard Sambrook, (Winter, 2005)

Gothic and Feminist Elements of The Yellow Wallpaper -- Feminism Femin

Gothic and Feminist Elements of The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚   Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" has been interpreted in many ways over the years. Modernist critics have applied depth psychology to the story and written about the symbolism of sexual repression in the nursery bars, the chained-down bed, and the wallpaper. Genre critics have discussed the story as an example of supernatural gothic fiction, in which a ghost actually haunts the narrator. But most importantly, feminist critics (re)discovered the story in the 1970s and interpreted it as a critique of a society that subjugated women into the role of wife and mother and repressed them so much that all they could ever hope to be was an "angel in the house." Keeping in mind that "The Yellow Wallpaper" can be - and most often is - interpreted as a feminist text in this way, we must also recognize that it holds its own in the Gothic genre. In fact, Eugenia Delamotte claims that "women who just can't seem to get out of the house [are] the most basic subject of Gothic plots" (207). The Gothic has always been and still is a genre that picks up on the concerns of its day. In the same way that postmodern Gothic (Don DeLillo and John Crowley, for example) concerns itself with late twentieth century technological issues, Gilman's Gothic of a century ago was very concerned with the plight of women in American society. When we recognize "The Yellow Wallpaper" as both a feminist treatise and a Gothic text, we can begin drawing conclusions that might not be obvious had we overlooked this dual nature of the story. Gilman's narrator - who appears to be suffering from postpartum depression - has been diagnosed by several male physicians, including her husband, and... ... Gothic and feminist. It is both classically Gothic and an expression of the position Gilman would like to see women achieve in society. This duality is quite powerful. The Gothic trope of concealed objects is what enabled Gilman to best express her feminist views on the status of women in her suffocating society. Her nameless narrator is representative of all American women who have lost their identity to oppressive and unfulfilling domestic roles.    Works Cited Delamotte, Eugenia C. "Male and Female Mysteries in 'The Yellow Wallpaper.'" Legacy. 5.1 (1988): 3-14. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Paula Kepos. 37. Detroit: Gale, 1991. Golden, Catherine. "The Writing of 'The Yellow Wallpaper': A Double Palimpest." Studies in American Fiction. 17.2 (1989): 193-201. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. David Segal. 13. Detroit: Gale, 1993